Vitamin

Defined as organic components which are needed in the diet in small amount but very necessary for normal growth and maintenance of health

Classification:

ο Fat soluble: Vitamin A. D, E and K

ο Water soluble:

a) Vitamin B complex: B1, B2, B6, B12

b) Vitamin C

Functions of Vitamin:

ο Protects human and animal from malnutrition

ο Acts as antibiotic of diseases

ο Acts as part of co-enzymes

ο To stop the hemorrhage

ο Helps in reproductive system

ο Maintains cell metabolism

ο Acts as a catalyst in organic process

ο Helps metabolism of absorption of protein, fat and carbohydrate

ο Never supply energy but act as a media of energy supply

ο To protect bleeding

Minerals

Inorganic composition of food which is found after the removal of organic part

Functions of Minerals:

ο It is the essential constituents of skeleton structure ( bone and teeth)

ο Plays a key role in maintenance of osmotic pressure

ο It is the structural constituent of soft tissue

ο It facilitates the transmission of neural impulse and muscle contraction

ο Acid-base equilibrium regulates pH of the body

ο It is the essential component of enzyme, vitamin, hormone, respiratory pigment, catalyst and enzyme activator

Water

→ Predominant constituent in many foods

→ Supports chemical reaction

Moisture content of some foods:

Water intake and loss from human body per day:

Food nutrient need in human body: